CBSE Notes 2011-2012

Julius Caesar (translation)

Submitted by mE tHe OsHeEn on Thu, 02/16/2012 - 13:42

Act 2, Scene 2

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Thunder and lightning Enter Julius CAESAR* in his nightgown*		Thunder and lightning. CAESAR* enters in his nightgown.*
	CAESAR Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace tonight. Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out, “Help, ho! They murder Caesar!”—Who’s within?		CAESAR Neither the sky nor the earth have been quiet tonight. Calpurnia cried out three times in her sleep, “Help, someone! They’re murdering Caesar!” Who’s there?
	Enter a SERVANT		A SERVANT* enters.*
	SERVANT My lord.		SERVANT My lord?
5	CAESAR Go bid the priests do present sacrifice And bring me their opinions of success.		CAESAR Go tell the priests to perform a sacrifice immediately, and bring me their interpretation of the results.
	SERVANT I will, my lord.		SERVANT I will, my lord.
	Exit SERVANT		The SERVANT* exits.*
	Enter CALPURNIA		*CALPURNIA* enters.
	CALPURNIA What mean you, Caesar? Think you to walk forth? You shall not stir out of your house today.		CALPURNIA What are you doing, Caesar? Are you planning to go out? You’re not leaving the house today.
10	CAESAR Caesar shall forth. The things that threatened me Ne'er looked but on my back. When they shall see The face of Caesar, they are vanishèd.		CAESAR I will go out. The things that threaten me have only seen my back. When they see the face of Caesar, they will vanish.
15	CALPURNIA Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, Besides the things that we have heard and seen, Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets, And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead.		CALPURNIA Caesar, I never believed in omens, but now they frighten me. A servant told me the night-watchmen saw horrid sights too, but different ones from what we heard and saw. A lioness gave birth in the streets, and graves cracked open and thrust out their dead.

20 25	Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets. O Caesar! These things are beyond all use, And I do fear them.		Fierce, fiery warriors fought in the clouds in the usual formations of war—ranks and squadrons—until the clouds drizzled blood onto the Capitol. The noise of battle filled the air, and horses neighed, and dying men groaned, and ghosts shrieked and squealed in the streets. Oh, Caesar! These things are beyond anything we’ve seen before, and I’m afraid.
	CAESAR What can be avoided Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods? Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions Are to the world in general as to Caesar.		CAESAR How can we avoid what the gods want to happen? But I will go out, for these bad omens apply to the world in general as much as they do to me.
30	CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets seen. The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes.		CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets in the sky. The heavens only announce the deaths of princes.
35	CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear, Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.		CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The brave experience death only once. Of all the strange things I’ve ever heard, it seems most strange to me that men fear death, given that death, which can’t be avoided, will come whenever it wants.
	Enter SERVANT		The SERVANT* enters.*
	What say the augurers?		What do the priests say?
40	SERVANT They would not have you to stir forth today. Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, They could not find a heart within the beast.		SERVANT They don’t want you to go out today. They pulled out the guts of the sacrificed animal and couldn’t find its heart.
	CAESAR The gods do this in shame of cowardice. Caesar should be a beast without a heart If he should stay at home today for fear. No, Caesar shall not. Danger knows full well		CAESAR The gods do this to test my bravery. They’re saying I’d be an animal without a heart if I stayed home today out of fear. So, I won’t.

45	That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions littered in one day, And I the elder and more terrible. And Caesar shall go forth.		Danger knows that Caesar is more dangerous than he is. We’re two lions born on the same day in the same litter, and I’m the older and more terrible. I will go out.
50	CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, Your wisdom is consumed in confidence. Do not go forth today. Call it my fear That keeps you in the house, and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, And he shall say you are not well today. (kneels) Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this.		CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, your confidence is getting the better of your wisdom. Don’t go out today. Say that it’s my fear that keeps you inside and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, and he’ll say that you’re sick today. (she kneels) Let me, on my knees, win you over to this plan.
55	CAESAR Mark Antony shall say I am not well, And for thy humor I will stay at home.		CAESAR All right. Mark Antony will say I’m not well, and to please you I’ll stay at home.
	*CALPURNIA* rises		*CALPURNIA* gets up.
	Enter DECIUS		*DECIUS* enters.
	Here’s Decius Brutus. He shall tell them so.		Here’s Decius Brutus. He’ll tell them so.
	DECIUS Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar. I come to fetch you to the senate house.		DECIUS Hail, Caesar! Good morning, worthy Caesar. I’ve come to take you to the senate house.
60	CAESAR And you are come in very happy time To bear my greeting to the senators And tell them that I will not come today. “Cannot” is false, and that I dare not, falser. I will not come today. Tell them so, Decius.		CAESAR And you’ve come at a good time, so you can convey my greetings to the senators and tell them I won’t come today. It wouldn’t be true to say that Ican’t come, and even less true to say that I don’tdare come. I simply won’t come today. Tell them so, Decius.
65	CALPURNIA Say he is sick.		CALPURNIA Say he’s sick.
	CAESAR Shall Caesar send a lie? Have I in conquest stretched mine arm so far To be afraid to tell graybeards the truth?		CAESAR Would I send a lie? Have I accomplished so much in battle, but now I’m afraid to tell some old men the truth?

	Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come.		Decius, go tell them that Caesar won’t come.
70	DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, Lest I be laughed at when I tell them so.		DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, give me some reason, so I won’t be laughed at when I tell them so.
75 80	CAESAR Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home. She dreamt tonight she saw my statue, Which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, Did run pure blood. And many lusty Romans Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it. And these does she apply for warnings and portents And evils imminent, and on her knee Hath begged that I will stay at home today.		CAESAR Calpurnia, my wife, is keeping me at home. Last night, she dreamed she saw a statue of me with a hundred holes in it, like a fountain with pure blood flowing from it, and many happy Romans came smiling and washed their hands in it. She takes these signs for warnings and predictions of terrible evils to come, and, on her knee, she begged me to stay home today.
85 90	DECIUS This dream is all amiss interpreted. It was a vision fair and fortunate. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bathed, Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by CALPURNIA’s dream is signified.		DECIUS This dream has been interpreted all wrong. It was a good and lucky vision. Your statue spouting blood through many holes, in which many smiling Romans bathed, means that you’ll provide great Rome with sustaining blood, and that great men will strive to get some token of approval from your holy blood. This is what CALPURNIA’s dream means.
	CAESAR And this way have you well expounded it.		CAESAR You’ve offered an excellent interpretation.
	DECIUS I have, when you have heard what I can say. And know it now: the senate have concluded To give this day a crown to mighty Caesar.		DECIUS I will have when you hear the rest of what I have to say. The senate has decided to give mighty Caesar a crown today.

95		If you shall send them word you will not come, Their minds may change.			If you send them word that you won’t come, they might change their minds.
105		CAESAR How foolish do your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I am ashamèd I did yield to them. Give me my robe, for I will go.			CAESAR How foolish your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I’m ashamed that I yielded to them. Give me my robe, because I’m going.
		Enter BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS, CASCA,TREBONIUS, CINNA, and PUBLIUS			*PUBLIUS, BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS,CASCA, TREBONIUS, and CINNA** enter.*
		CAESAR Good friends, go in and taste some wine with me. And we, like friends, will straightway go together.		CAESAR Good friends, go in and have some wine with me. And we’ll leave together, like friends.
130		BRUTUS (aside) That every “like” is not the same, O Caesar, The heart of Brutus earns to think upon.		BRUTUS (quietly to himself) That we are now only “like” friends—Oh Caesar—makes my heart ache.
		Exeunt		They all exit.

Act 3, Scene 1

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Flourish Enter CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS, CINNA,ANTONY, LEPIDUS, PUBLIUS, and POPILLIUS LENAwith a crowd of people, including ARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER		A crowd of people enters, among themARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER. A trumpet plays. CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS,CINNA, ANTONY, LEPIDUS, POPILLIUS,PUBLIUS, and others enter.
35	CAESAR Are we all ready? What is now amiss That Caesar and his senate must redress?				CAESAR Are we all ready? What problem should I discuss with you first?
40	METELLUS (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar, Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat An humble heart—				METELLUS (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most powerful Caesar, Metellus Cimber kneels before you with a humble heart—
45 50	CAESAR I must prevent thee, Cimber. These couchings and these lowly courtesies Might fire the blood of ordinary men And turn preordinance and first decree Into the law of children. Be not fond, To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood That will be thawed from the true quality With that which melteth fools—I mean, sweet words, Low-crookèd curtsies, and base spaniel fawning. Thy brother by decree is banishèd. If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him, I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause Will he be satisfied.				CAESAR I have to stop you, Cimber. These kneelings and humble courtesies might excite ordinary men, flattering them into turning Roman law into children’s games. But don’t be so foolish as to think you can sway me from what’s right by using the tactics that persuade fools—I mean this flattery, low bows, and puppy-like fawning. Your brother has been banished by decree. If you kneel and beg and flatter for him, I’ll kick you out of my way like I would a dog. Know that I am not unjust, and I will not grant him a pardon without reason.
55	METELLUS Is there no voice more worthy than my own To sound more sweetly in great Caesar’s ear For the repealing of my banished brother?				METELLUS Is there no voice worthier than my own to appeal to Caesar to repeal the order that my brother be banished?
	BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar, Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Have an immediate freedom of repeal.				BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss your hand, but not in flattery, Caesar. I ask you to repeal Publius Cimber’s banishment immediately.


65 70 75	CAESAR I could be well moved if I were as you. If I could pray to move, prayers would move me. But I am constant as the northern star, Of whose true-fixed and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament. The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks. They are all fire and every one doth shine, But there’s but one in all doth hold his place. So in the world. 'Tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive, Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshaked of motion. And that I am he Let me a little show it even in this: That I was constant Cimber should be banished, And constant do remain to keep him so.				CAESAR I could be convinced if I were like you. If I could beg others to change their minds, begging would convince me, too. But I’m as immovable as the northern star, whose stable and stationary quality has no equal in the sky. The sky shows countless stars. They’re all made of fire, and each one shines. But only one among all of them remains in a fixed position. So it is on earth. The world is full of men, and men are flesh and blood, and they are capable of reason. Yet out of all of them, I know only one who is unassailable, who never moves from his position. To show you that that’s me, let me prove it a little even in this case. I was firm in ordering that Cimber be banished, and I remain firm in that decision.




	CASCA Speak, hands, for me!				CASCA Hands, speak for me!
		*CASCA* and the other conspirators stab CAESAR,BRUTUS* last*				*CASCA* and the other conspirators stab CAESAR. BRUTUS* stabs him last.*
85		CAESAR Et tu, Bruté?—Then fall, Caesar. (dies)				CAESAR And you too, Brutus? In that case, die, Caesar. (he dies)
		CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets.				CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run and proclaim it in the streets.
		CASSIUS Some to the common pulpits, and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement!”				CASSIUS Some should go to the public platforms and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and democracy!”
		BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.				BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.
160		ANTONY O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. —I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank.				ANTONY Oh, mighty Caesar! Do you lie so low? Have all your conquests, glories, triumphs, achievements, come to so little? Farewell. Gentlemen, I don’t know what you intend to do, who else you intend to kill, who else you consider corrupt.
165 170		If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar’s death’s hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfill your pleasure. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age.				If it’s me, there’s no time as good as this hour of Caesar’s death, and no weapon better than your swords, covered with the noblest blood in the world. I ask you, if you have a grudge against me, to kill me now, while your stained hands still reek of blood. I could live a thousand years and I wouldn’t be as ready to die as I am now. There’s no place I’d rather die than here by Caesar, and no manner of death would please me more than being stabbed by you, the masters of this new era.
175 180 185		BRUTUS O Antony, beg not your death of us. Though now we must appear bloody and cruel— As by our hands and this our present act You see we do—yet see you but our hands And this the bleeding business they have done. Our hearts you see not. They are pitiful. And pity to the general wrong of Rome— As fire drives out fire, so pity pity— Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony. Our arms in strength of malice and our hearts Of brothers' temper do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence.				BRUTUS Oh, Antony, don’t beg us to kill you. Though we seem bloody and cruel right now, with our bloody hands and this deed we’ve done, you’ve only seen our hands and their bloody business; you haven’t looked into our hearts. They are full of pity for Caesar. But a stronger pity, for the wrongs committed against Rome, drove out our pity for Caesar, as fire drives out fire, and so we killed him. For you, our swords have blunt edges, too dull to harm you, Mark Antony. Our arms, which can be strong and cruel, and our hearts, filled with brotherly love, embrace you with kind love, good thoughts, and reverence.
		CASSIUS Your voice shall be as strong as any man’s In the disposing of new dignities.				CASSIUS Your vote will be as strong as anyone’s in the reordering of the government.

195 200 20		ANTONY I doubt not of your wisdom. Let each man render me his bloody hand. (shakes hands with the conspirators) —Gentlemen all, alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground That one of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer —That I did love thee, Caesar, O, ’tis true. If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes— Most noble!—in the presence of thy corse?		ANTONY I don’t doubt your wisdom. Each of you, give me your bloody hand. (he shakes hands with the conspirators) You are all gentlemen—alas, what can I say? Now that I’ve shaken your hands, you’ll take me for either a coward or a flatterer—in either case, my credibility stands on slippery ground. It’s true that I loved you, Caesar—nothing could be truer. If your spirit is looking down upon us now, it must hurt you more than even your death to see your Antony making peace—shaking the bloody hands of your enemies—in front of your corpse.
		CASSIUS Mark Antony—		CASSIUS Mark Antony—
225		ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. The enemies of Caesar shall say this; Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty.		ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. Even Caesar’s enemies would say the same. From a friend, it’s a cool assessment—no more than that.
		CASSIUS I blame you not for praising Caesar so. But what compact mean you to have with us? Will you be pricked in number of our friends? Or shall we on, and not depend on you?				CASSIUS I don’t blame you for praising Caesar like this, but what agreement do you intend to reach with us? Will you be counted as our friend, or should we proceed without depending on you?
230		ANTONY Therefore I took your hands, but was indeed Swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all and love you all Upon this hope: that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous.				ANTONY I took your hands in friendship, but, indeed, I was distracted when I looked down at Caesar. I am friends with you all and love you all, on one condition—that you prove to me that Caesar was dangerous.
235		BRUTUS Or else were this a savage spectacle! Our reasons are so full of good regard That were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, You should be satisfied.				BRUTUS Without that proof, this would’ve been a savage action! Our reasons are so well considered that even if you, Antony, were Caesar’s son, you would be satisfied with them.
240		ANTONY That’s all I seek. And am moreover suitor that I may Produce his body to the marketplace, And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, Speak in the order of his funeral.				ANTONY That’s all I ask—and that you let me carry his body to the marketplace and, as a friend ought to do, stand on the platform and give a proper funeral oration.
		BRUTUS You shall, Mark Antony.				BRUTUS You may, Mark Antony.
245		CASSIUS Brutus, a word with you. (aside to BRUTUS) You know not what you do. Do not consent That Antony speak in his funeral. Know you how much the people may be moved By that which he will utter?				CASSIUS Brutus, may I have a word with you? (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) You don’t know what you’re doing. Don’t let Antony speak at his funeral. Don’t you know how much the people could be affected by what he says?
250		BRUTUS (aside to CASSIUS) By your pardon. I will myself into the pulpit first, And show the reason of our Caesar’s death.				BRUTUS (speaking so that only CASSIUS can hear) With your permission, I’ll stand on the platform first and explain the reason for Caesar’s death.
255		What Antony shall speak, I will protest, He speaks by leave and by permission, And that we are contented Caesar shall Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. It shall advantage more than do us wrong.				What Antony says, I’ll announce, he says only by our permission and by our conviction that Caesar should be honored with all the usual and lawful ceremonies. It’ll help us more than hurt us.
		CASSIUS (aside to BRUTUS) I know not what may fall. I like it not.				CASSIUS (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) I’m worried about the outcome of his speech. I don’t like this plan.
260 265		BRUTUS Mark Antony, here, take you Caesar’s body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, But speak all good you can devise of Caesar, And say you do ’t by our permission. Else shall you not have any hand at all About his funeral. And you shall speak In the same pulpit whereto I am going, After my speech is ended.				BRUTUS Mark Antony, take Caesar’s body. You will not blame us in your funeral speech, but will say all the good you want to about Caesar and that you do it by our permission. Otherwise, you’ll have no role at all in his funeral. And you’ll speak on the same platform as I do, after I’m done.
		ANTONY Be it so. I do desire no more.				ANTONY So be it. I don’t want anything more.
		BRUTUS Prepare the body then, and follow us.				BRUTUS Prepare the body, then, and follow us.
		Exeunt. Manet ANTONY				Everyone except ANTONY* exits.*
270 275		ANTONY O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times. Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I prophesy— Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue— A curse shall light upon the limbs of men.				ANTONY Oh, pardon me, you bleeding corpse, for speaking politely and acting mildly with these butchers! You are what’s left of the noblest man that ever lived. Pity the hand that shed this valuable blood. Over your wounds—which, like speechless mouths, open their red lips, as though to beg me to speak—I predict that a curse will fall upon the bodies of men.
280 285 290		Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy. Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quartered with the hands of war, All pity choked with custom of fell deeds, And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial.				Fierce civil war will paralyze all of Italy. Blood and destruction will be so common and familiar that mothers will merely smile when their infants are cut to pieces by the hands of war. People’s capacity for sympathy will grow tired and weak from the sheer quantity of cruel deeds. And Caesar’s ghost, searching for revenge with the goddess Ate by his side, just up from Hell, will cry in the voice of a king, “Havoc!” and unleash the dogs of war. This foul deed will stink up to the sky with men’s corpses, which will beg to be buried.

		Exeunt with CAESAR’s body				They exit with CAESAR’s body.

Act 3, Scene 2

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS with the CITIZENS		*BRUTUS* and CASSIUS* enter with a throng of* CITIZENS .
	CITIZENS We will be satisfied! Let us be satisfied!		CITIZENS We want answers. Give us answers.
	BRUTUS Then follow me and give me audience, friends.		BRUTUS Then follow me and listen to my speech, friends.
	FIRST CITIZEN I will hear Brutus speak.		FIRST CITIZEN I’ll listen to Brutus.

	Exit CASSIUS* with some of the CITIZENS BRUTUSgoes into the pulpit*		*CASSIUS* exits with some of the CITIZENS.BRUTUS gets up on the platform.
	THIRD CITIZENS The noble Brutus is ascended. Silence!		THIRD CITIZENS Quiet! Noble Brutus has mounted the platform.
	BRUTUS Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.		BRUTUS Be patient until I finish. Romans, countrymen, and friends! Listen to my reasons and be silent so you can hear. Believe me on my honor and keep my honor in mind, so you may believe me. Be wise when you criticize me and keep your minds alert so you can judge me fairly. If there’s anyone in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, I say to him that my love for Caesar was no less than his. If, then, that friend demands to know why I rose up against Caesar, this is my answer: it’s not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.
	Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honor him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak—for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.		Would you rather that Caesar were living and we would all go to our graves as slaves, or that Caesar were dead and we all lived as free men? I weep for Caesar in that he was good to me. I rejoice in his good fortune. I honor him for being brave. But his ambition—for that, I killed him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his bravery, and death for his ambition. Who here is so low that he wants to be a slave? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so barbarous that he doesn’t want to be a Roman? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so vile that he doesn’t love his country? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I have offended. I will pause for a reply.
	ALL None, Brutus, none.		ALL No one, Brutus, no one.
	BRUTUS Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol. His glory not extenuated wherein he was worthy, nor his offenses enforced for which he suffered death.		BRUTUS Then I have offended no one. I’ve done no more to Caesar than you will do to me. The reasons for his death are recorded in the Capitol. His glory has not been diminished where he earned it, nor have those offenses for which he was killed been exaggerated.
	Enter Mark ANTONY* with CAESAR’s body*		*ANTONY* enters with CAESAR’s body.
	Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying—a place in the commonwealth—as which of you shall not? With this I depart: that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death.		Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no part in the killing, will benefit from his death—receiving a share in the commonwealth, as you all will. With these words I leave. Just as I killed my best friend for the good of Rome, so will I kill myself when my country requires my death.
45	ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live!		ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live!
	FIRST CITIZENS Bring him with triumph home unto his house!		FIRST CITIZENS Let’s carry him in triumph to his house!
	SECOND CITIZENS Give him a statue with his ancestors!		SECOND CITIZENS Let’s build a statue of him, near those of his ancestors!
	THIRD CITIZENS Let him be Caesar!		THIRD CITIZENS Let him become Caesar!
	FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better parts Shall be crowned in Brutus!		FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better qualities exist in Brutus, and we will crown him.
50	FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and clamors.		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and celebration!
	BRUTUS My countrymen—		BRUTUS My countrymen—
	SECOND CITIZENS Peace, silence! Brutus speaks.		SECOND CITIZENS Silence! Brutus speaks.
	FIRST CITIZENS Peace, ho!		FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there!
55	BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me depart alone. And, for my sake, stay here with Antony. Do grace to Caesar’s corpse, and grace his speech Tending to Caesar’s glories, which Mark Antony By our permission is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart, Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.		BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me leave alone. I want you to stay here with Antony to pay respects to Caesar’s corpse and listen to Antony’s speech about Caesar’s glories, which he gives with our permission. I ask that none of you leave, except myself, until Antony has finished.
	Exit BRUTUS		*BRUTUS* exits.
60	FIRST CITIZENS Stay, ho! And let us hear Mark Antony.		FIRST CITIZENS Let’s stay and hear Mark Antony.
	THIRD CITIZENS Let him go up into the public chair. We’ll hear him.—Noble Antony, go up.		THIRD CITIZENS Let him mount the pulpit. We’ll listen to him. Noble Antony, mount the podium.
	ANTONY For Brutus' sake, I am beholding to you. (ascends the pulpit)		ANTONY For Brutus’s sake, I am indebted to you. (he steps up into the pulpit)
65	FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say of Brutus?		FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say about Brutus?
	THIRD CITIZENS He says for Brutus' sake He finds himself beholding to us all.		THIRD CITIZENS He says that for Brutus’s sake he finds himself indebted to us all.
	FOURTH CITIZENS 'Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here.		FOURTH CITIZENS He’d better not speak badly of Brutus here.
	FIRST CITIZENS This Caesar was a tyrant.		FIRST CITIZENS Caesar was a tyrant.
	THIRD CITIZENS Nay, that’s certain. We are blest that Rome is rid of him.		THIRD CITIZENS That’s for sure. We’re lucky that Rome is rid of him.
70	FOURTH CITIZENS Peace! Let us hear what Antony can say.		SECOND CITIZENS Quiet! Let’s hear what Antony has to say.
	ANTONY You gentle Romans—		ANTONY You gentle Romans—
	ALL Peace, ho! Let us hear him.		ALL Quiet there! Let us hear him.
75 80 85	ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones. So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honorable man; So are they all, all honorable men— Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.		ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honorable man; they are all honorable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. He brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to the city.
90 95 100 105		Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And, sure, he is an honorable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause. What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgment! Thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me. (weeps)		Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honorable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become brutish beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (he weeps)
		FIRST CITIZENS Methinks there is much reason in his sayings.		FIRST CITIZENS I think there’s a lot of sense in what he says.
		SECOND CITIZENS If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong.		SECOND CITIZENS If you think about it correctly, Caesar has suffered a great wrong.
110		THIRD CITIZENS Has he, masters? I fear there will a worse come in his place.		THIRD CITIZENS Has he, sirs? I’m worried there will be someone worse to replace him.
		FOURTH CITIZENS Marked ye his words? He would not take the crown. Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious.		FOURTH CITIZENS Did you hear Antony? Caesar wouldn’t take the crown. Therefore it’s certain that he wasn’t ambitious.
		FIRST CITIZENS If it be found so, some will dear abide it.		FIRST CITIZENS If it turns out he wasn’t, certain people are going to get it.
		SECOND CITIZENS Poor soul! His eyes are red as fire with weeping.		SECOND CITIZENS Poor man! Antony’s eyes are fiery red from crying.
115		THIRD CITIZENS There’s not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.		THIRD CITIZENS There isn’t a nobler man than Antony in all of Rome.
		FOURTH CITIZENS Now mark him. He begins again to speak.		FOURTH CITIZENS Now listen, he’s going to speak again.
120 125 130 135		ANTONY But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world. Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. O masters, if I were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong— Who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar. I found it in his closet. 'Tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament— Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read— And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue.		ANTONY Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honorable men. But here’s a paper with Caesar’s seal on it. I found it in his room—it’s his will. If you could only hear this testament—which, excuse me, I don’t intend to read aloud—you would kiss dead Caesar’s wounds and dip your handkerchiefs in his sacred blood, and beg for a lock of hair to remember him by. And when you died, you would mention the handkerchief or the hair in your will, bequeathing it to your heirs like a rich legacy.
		FOURTH CITIZENS We’ll hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony!		FOURTH CITIZENS We want to hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony.
		ALL The will, the will! We will hear Caesar’s will.		ALL The will, the will! We want to hear Caesar’s will.
140 145		ANTONY Have patience, gentle friends. I must not read it. It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men. And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad. 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs. For, if you should—Oh, what would come of it!		ANTONY Be patient, gentle friends, I must not read it. It isn’t proper for you to know how much Caesar loved you. You aren’t wood, you aren’t stones—you’re men. And, being men, the contents of Caesar’s will would enrage you. It’s better that you don’t know you’re his heirs, for if you knew, just imagine what would come of it!
		FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We’ll hear it, Antony. You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will.		FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We want to hear it, Antony. You have to read us the will, Caesar’s will.
150		ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it. I fear I wrong the honorable men Whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. I do fear it.		ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you wait awhile? I’ve said too much in telling you of it. I’m afraid that I wrong the honorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar.
		FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors! “Honorable men”!		FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors. “Honorable men!”
		ALL The will! The testament!		ALL The will! The testament!
		SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will!		SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will!
155		ANTONY You will compel me, then, to read the will? Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, And let me show you him that made the will. Shall I descend? And will you give me leave?		ANTONY You force me to read the will, then? Then make a circle around Caesar’s corpse, and let me show you the man who made this will. Shall I come down? Will you let me?
		ALL Come down.		ALL Come down.
		SECOND CITIZENS Descend.		SECOND CITIZENS Descend.
		THIRD CITIZENS You shall have leave.		THIRD CITIZENS We’ll let you.
		*ANTONY* descends from the pulpit		*ANTONY* descends from the pulpit.
160		FOURTH CITIZENS A ring! Stand round.		FOURTH CITIZENS Make a circle; stand around him.
		FIRST CITIZENS Stand from the hearse. Stand from the body.		FIRST CITIZENS Stand away from the hearse. Stand away from the body.
		SECOND CITIZENS Room for Antony, most noble Antony!		SECOND CITIZENS Make room for Antony, most noble Antony!
		ANTONY Nay, press not so upon me. Stand far off.		ANTONY No, don’t press up against me. Stand further away.
		ALL Stand back. Room! Bear back.		ALL Stand back. Give him room.
165 170 175 180 185 190		ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all do know this mantle. I remember The first time ever Caesar put it on. 'Twas on a summer’s evening in his tent, That day he overcame the Nervii. Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the well-belovèd Brutus stabbed. And as he plucked his cursèd steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart, And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey’s statue, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourished over us. Oh, now you weep, and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity. These are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold Our Caesar’s vesture wounded? Look you here, Here is himself, marred, as you see, with traitors. (lifts up CAESAR's mantle)		ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all know this cloak. I remember the first time Caesar ever put it on. It was a summer’s evening; he was in his tent. It was the day he overcame the Nervii warriors. Look, here’s where Cassius’s dagger pierced it. See the wound that Casca made. Through this hole beloved Brutus stabbed. And when he pulled out his cursed dagger, see how Caesar’s blood came with it, as if rushing out a door to see if it was really Brutus who was knocking so rudely. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. The gods know how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkind cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, he understood his beloved Brutus’s ingratitude; it was stronger than the violence of traitors, and it defeated him, bursting his mighty heart. And at the base of Pompey’s statue, with his cloak covering his face, which was dripping with blood the whole time, great Caesar fell. Oh, what a fall it was, my countrymen! Then you and I and all of us fell down, while bloody treason triumphed. Oh, now you weep, and I sense that you feel pity. These are gracious tears. But if it overwhelms you to look at Caesar’s wounded cloak, how will you feel, kind men, now? Look at this, here is the man—scarred, as you can see, by traitors. (he lifts upCAESAR's cloak)
		FIRST CITIZENS O piteous spectacle!		FIRST CITIZENS Oh, what a sad sight!
		SECOND CITIZENS O noble Caesar!		SECOND CITIZENS Oh, noble Caesar!
195		THIRD CITIZENS O woeful day!		THIRD CITIZENS Oh, sad day!
		FOURTH CITIZENS O traitors, villains!		FOURTH CITIZENS Oh, traitors, villains!
		FIRST CITIZENS O most bloody sight!		FIRST CITIZENS Oh, most bloody sight!
		SECOND CITIZENS We will be revenged.		SECOND CITIZENS We will get revenge.
		ALL Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live!		ALL Revenge! Let’s go after them! Seek! Burn! Set fire! Kill! Slay! Leave no traitors alive!
		ANTONY Stay, countrymen.		ANTONY Wait, countrymen.
200		FIRST CITIZENS Peace there! Hear the noble Antony.		FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there! Listen to the noble Antony.
		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll hear him. We’ll follow him. We’ll die with him.		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll listen to him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him.
205 210 215 220		ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends! Let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honorable. What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do it. They are wise and honorable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. I am no orator, as Brutus is, But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man That love my friend. And that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him. For I have neither wit nor words nor worth, Action nor utterance nor the power of speech, To stir men’s blood. I only speak right on. I tell you that which you yourselves do know, Show you sweet Caesar’s wounds, poor poor dumb mouths, And bid them speak for me. But were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue In every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.		ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends, don’t let me stir you up to such a sudden mutiny. Those who have done this deed are honorable. I don’t know what private grudges they had that made them do it. They’re wise and honorable, and will no doubt give you reasons for it. I haven’t come to steal your loyalty, friends. I’m no orator, as Brutus is. I’m only, as you know, a plain, blunt man who loved his friend, and the men who let me speak know this well. I have neither cleverness nor rhetorical skill nor the authority nor gesture nor eloquence nor the power of speech to stir men up. I just speak directly. I tell you what you already know. I show you sweet Caesar’s wounds—poor, speechless mouths!—and make them speak for me. But if I were Brutus and Brutus were me, then I’d stir you up, and install in each of Caesar’s wounds the kind of voice that could convince even stones to rise up and mutiny.
		ALL We’ll mutiny.		ALL We’ll mutiny.
		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn the house of Brutus.		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn Brutus’s house.
		THIRD CITIZENS Away, then! Come, seek the conspirators.		THIRD CITIZENS Let’s go, then! Come, find the conspirators!
225		ANTONY Yet hear me, countrymen. Yet hear me speak.		ANTONY Wait, and listen to me, countrymen.
		ALL Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony!		ALL Quiet! Wait! Listen to Antony. Most noble Antony!
230		ANTONY Why, friends, you go to do you know not what. Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves? Alas, you know not. I must tell you then. You have forgot the will I told you of.		ANTONY Why, friends, you don’t even know what you’re doing yet. What has Caesar done to deserve your love? Alas, you don’t know. I must tell you then. You’ve forgotten the will I told you about.
		ALL Most true. The will! Let’s stay and hear the will.		ALL Yes! The will! Let’s stay and hear the will!
		ANTONY Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal To every Roman citizen he gives— To every several man—seventy-five drachmas.		ANTONY Here’s the will, written under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives—to every individual man—seventy-five drachmas.
235		SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death.		SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death.
		THIRD CITIZENS O royal Caesar!		THIRD CITIZENS Oh, royal Caesar!
		ANTONY Hear me with patience.		ANTONY Listen to me patiently.
		ALL Peace, ho!		ALL Quiet, there!
240		ANTONY Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbors and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you And to your heirs forever—common pleasures, To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! When comes such another?		ANTONY Also, he’s left you all his walkways—in his private gardens and newly planted orchards—on this side of the Tiber River. He’s left them to you and to your heirs forever—public pleasures in which you will be able to stroll and relax. Here was a Caesar! When will there be another like him?
245		FIRST CITIZENS Never, never.—Come, away, away! We’ll burn his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body.		FIRST CITIZENS Never, never. Let’s go! We’ll burn his body in the holy place and use the brands to set the traitors' houses on fire. Take up the body.
		SECOND CITIZENS Go fetch fire.		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll start a fire.
		THIRD CITIZENS Pluck down benches.		THIRD CITIZENS We’ll use benches for wood—
		FOURTH CITIZENS Pluck down forms, windows, anything.		FOURTH CITIZENS And windowsills, anything.
		Exeunt CITIZENS* with CAESAR’s body*		Citizens exit with CAESAR’s body.
250		ANTONY Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou wilt!		ANTONY Now, let it work. Trouble, you have begun—take whatever course you choose!
		Exeunt		They exit.

Act 2, Scene 2

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Thunder and lightning Enter Julius CAESAR* in his nightgown*		Thunder and lightning. CAESAR* enters in his nightgown.*
	CAESAR Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace tonight. Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out, “Help, ho! They murder Caesar!”—Who’s within?		CAESAR Neither the sky nor the earth have been quiet tonight. Calpurnia cried out three times in her sleep, “Help, someone! They’re murdering Caesar!” Who’s there?
	Enter a SERVANT		A SERVANT* enters.*
	SERVANT My lord.		SERVANT My lord?
5	CAESAR Go bid the priests do present sacrifice And bring me their opinions of success.		CAESAR Go tell the priests to perform a sacrifice immediately, and bring me their interpretation of the results.
	SERVANT I will, my lord.		SERVANT I will, my lord.
	Exit SERVANT		The SERVANT* exits.*
	Enter CALPURNIA		*CALPURNIA* enters.
	CALPURNIA What mean you, Caesar? Think you to walk forth? You shall not stir out of your house today.		CALPURNIA What are you doing, Caesar? Are you planning to go out? You’re not leaving the house today.
10	CAESAR Caesar shall forth. The things that threatened me Ne'er looked but on my back. When they shall see The face of Caesar, they are vanishèd.		CAESAR I will go out. The things that threaten me have only seen my back. When they see the face of Caesar, they will vanish.
15	CALPURNIA Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, Besides the things that we have heard and seen, Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets, And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead.		CALPURNIA Caesar, I never believed in omens, but now they frighten me. A servant told me the night-watchmen saw horrid sights too, but different ones from what we heard and saw. A lioness gave birth in the streets, and graves cracked open and thrust out their dead.

20 25	Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets. O Caesar! These things are beyond all use, And I do fear them.		Fierce, fiery warriors fought in the clouds in the usual formations of war—ranks and squadrons—until the clouds drizzled blood onto the Capitol. The noise of battle filled the air, and horses neighed, and dying men groaned, and ghosts shrieked and squealed in the streets. Oh, Caesar! These things are beyond anything we’ve seen before, and I’m afraid.
	CAESAR What can be avoided Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods? Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions Are to the world in general as to Caesar.		CAESAR How can we avoid what the gods want to happen? But I will go out, for these bad omens apply to the world in general as much as they do to me.
30	CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets seen. The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes.		CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets in the sky. The heavens only announce the deaths of princes.
35	CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear, Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.		CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The brave experience death only once. Of all the strange things I’ve ever heard, it seems most strange to me that men fear death, given that death, which can’t be avoided, will come whenever it wants.
	Enter SERVANT		The SERVANT* enters.*
	What say the augurers?		What do the priests say?
40	SERVANT They would not have you to stir forth today. Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, They could not find a heart within the beast.		SERVANT They don’t want you to go out today. They pulled out the guts of the sacrificed animal and couldn’t find its heart.
	CAESAR The gods do this in shame of cowardice. Caesar should be a beast without a heart If he should stay at home today for fear. No, Caesar shall not. Danger knows full well		CAESAR The gods do this to test my bravery. They’re saying I’d be an animal without a heart if I stayed home today out of fear. So, I won’t.

45	That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions littered in one day, And I the elder and more terrible. And Caesar shall go forth.		Danger knows that Caesar is more dangerous than he is. We’re two lions born on the same day in the same litter, and I’m the older and more terrible. I will go out.
50	CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, Your wisdom is consumed in confidence. Do not go forth today. Call it my fear That keeps you in the house, and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, And he shall say you are not well today. (kneels) Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this.		CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, your confidence is getting the better of your wisdom. Don’t go out today. Say that it’s my fear that keeps you inside and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, and he’ll say that you’re sick today. (she kneels) Let me, on my knees, win you over to this plan.
55	CAESAR Mark Antony shall say I am not well, And for thy humor I will stay at home.		CAESAR All right. Mark Antony will say I’m not well, and to please you I’ll stay at home.
	*CALPURNIA* rises		*CALPURNIA* gets up.
	Enter DECIUS		*DECIUS* enters.
	Here’s Decius Brutus. He shall tell them so.		Here’s Decius Brutus. He’ll tell them so.
	DECIUS Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar. I come to fetch you to the senate house.		DECIUS Hail, Caesar! Good morning, worthy Caesar. I’ve come to take you to the senate house.
60	CAESAR And you are come in very happy time To bear my greeting to the senators And tell them that I will not come today. “Cannot” is false, and that I dare not, falser. I will not come today. Tell them so, Decius.		CAESAR And you’ve come at a good time, so you can convey my greetings to the senators and tell them I won’t come today. It wouldn’t be true to say that Ican’t come, and even less true to say that I don’tdare come. I simply won’t come today. Tell them so, Decius.
65	CALPURNIA Say he is sick.		CALPURNIA Say he’s sick.
	CAESAR Shall Caesar send a lie? Have I in conquest stretched mine arm so far To be afraid to tell graybeards the truth?		CAESAR Would I send a lie? Have I accomplished so much in battle, but now I’m afraid to tell some old men the truth?

	Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come.		Decius, go tell them that Caesar won’t come.
70	DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, Lest I be laughed at when I tell them so.		DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, give me some reason, so I won’t be laughed at when I tell them so.
75 80	CAESAR Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home. She dreamt tonight she saw my statue, Which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, Did run pure blood. And many lusty Romans Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it. And these does she apply for warnings and portents And evils imminent, and on her knee Hath begged that I will stay at home today.		CAESAR Calpurnia, my wife, is keeping me at home. Last night, she dreamed she saw a statue of me with a hundred holes in it, like a fountain with pure blood flowing from it, and many happy Romans came smiling and washed their hands in it. She takes these signs for warnings and predictions of terrible evils to come, and, on her knee, she begged me to stay home today.
85 90	DECIUS This dream is all amiss interpreted. It was a vision fair and fortunate. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bathed, Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by CALPURNIA’s dream is signified.		DECIUS This dream has been interpreted all wrong. It was a good and lucky vision. Your statue spouting blood through many holes, in which many smiling Romans bathed, means that you’ll provide great Rome with sustaining blood, and that great men will strive to get some token of approval from your holy blood. This is what CALPURNIA’s dream means.
	CAESAR And this way have you well expounded it.		CAESAR You’ve offered an excellent interpretation.
	DECIUS I have, when you have heard what I can say. And know it now: the senate have concluded To give this day a crown to mighty Caesar.		DECIUS I will have when you hear the rest of what I have to say. The senate has decided to give mighty Caesar a crown today.

95		If you shall send them word you will not come, Their minds may change.			If you send them word that you won’t come, they might change their minds.
105		CAESAR How foolish do your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I am ashamèd I did yield to them. Give me my robe, for I will go.			CAESAR How foolish your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I’m ashamed that I yielded to them. Give me my robe, because I’m going.
		Enter BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS, CASCA,TREBONIUS, CINNA, and PUBLIUS			*PUBLIUS, BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS,CASCA, TREBONIUS, and CINNA** enter.*
		CAESAR Good friends, go in and taste some wine with me. And we, like friends, will straightway go together.		CAESAR Good friends, go in and have some wine with me. And we’ll leave together, like friends.
130		BRUTUS (aside) That every “like” is not the same, O Caesar, The heart of Brutus earns to think upon.		BRUTUS (quietly to himself) That we are now only “like” friends—Oh Caesar—makes my heart ache.
		Exeunt		They all exit.

Act 3, Scene 1

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Flourish Enter CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS, CINNA,ANTONY, LEPIDUS, PUBLIUS, and POPILLIUS LENAwith a crowd of people, including ARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER		A crowd of people enters, among themARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER. A trumpet plays. CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS,CINNA, ANTONY, LEPIDUS, POPILLIUS,PUBLIUS, and others enter.
35	CAESAR Are we all ready? What is now amiss That Caesar and his senate must redress?				CAESAR Are we all ready? What problem should I discuss with you first?
40	METELLUS (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar, Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat An humble heart—				METELLUS (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most powerful Caesar, Metellus Cimber kneels before you with a humble heart—
45 50	CAESAR I must prevent thee, Cimber. These couchings and these lowly courtesies Might fire the blood of ordinary men And turn preordinance and first decree Into the law of children. Be not fond, To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood That will be thawed from the true quality With that which melteth fools—I mean, sweet words, Low-crookèd curtsies, and base spaniel fawning. Thy brother by decree is banishèd. If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him, I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause Will he be satisfied.				CAESAR I have to stop you, Cimber. These kneelings and humble courtesies might excite ordinary men, flattering them into turning Roman law into children’s games. But don’t be so foolish as to think you can sway me from what’s right by using the tactics that persuade fools—I mean this flattery, low bows, and puppy-like fawning. Your brother has been banished by decree. If you kneel and beg and flatter for him, I’ll kick you out of my way like I would a dog. Know that I am not unjust, and I will not grant him a pardon without reason.
55	METELLUS Is there no voice more worthy than my own To sound more sweetly in great Caesar’s ear For the repealing of my banished brother?				METELLUS Is there no voice worthier than my own to appeal to Caesar to repeal the order that my brother be banished?
	BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar, Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Have an immediate freedom of repeal.				BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss your hand, but not in flattery, Caesar. I ask you to repeal Publius Cimber’s banishment immediately.


65 70 75	CAESAR I could be well moved if I were as you. If I could pray to move, prayers would move me. But I am constant as the northern star, Of whose true-fixed and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament. The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks. They are all fire and every one doth shine, But there’s but one in all doth hold his place. So in the world. 'Tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive, Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshaked of motion. And that I am he Let me a little show it even in this: That I was constant Cimber should be banished, And constant do remain to keep him so.				CAESAR I could be convinced if I were like you. If I could beg others to change their minds, begging would convince me, too. But I’m as immovable as the northern star, whose stable and stationary quality has no equal in the sky. The sky shows countless stars. They’re all made of fire, and each one shines. But only one among all of them remains in a fixed position. So it is on earth. The world is full of men, and men are flesh and blood, and they are capable of reason. Yet out of all of them, I know only one who is unassailable, who never moves from his position. To show you that that’s me, let me prove it a little even in this case. I was firm in ordering that Cimber be banished, and I remain firm in that decision.




	CASCA Speak, hands, for me!				CASCA Hands, speak for me!
		*CASCA* and the other conspirators stab CAESAR,BRUTUS* last*				*CASCA* and the other conspirators stab CAESAR. BRUTUS* stabs him last.*
85		CAESAR Et tu, Bruté?—Then fall, Caesar. (dies)				CAESAR And you too, Brutus? In that case, die, Caesar. (he dies)
		CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets.				CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run and proclaim it in the streets.
		CASSIUS Some to the common pulpits, and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement!”				CASSIUS Some should go to the public platforms and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and democracy!”
		BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.				BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.
160		ANTONY O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. —I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank.				ANTONY Oh, mighty Caesar! Do you lie so low? Have all your conquests, glories, triumphs, achievements, come to so little? Farewell. Gentlemen, I don’t know what you intend to do, who else you intend to kill, who else you consider corrupt.
165 170		If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar’s death’s hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfill your pleasure. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age.				If it’s me, there’s no time as good as this hour of Caesar’s death, and no weapon better than your swords, covered with the noblest blood in the world. I ask you, if you have a grudge against me, to kill me now, while your stained hands still reek of blood. I could live a thousand years and I wouldn’t be as ready to die as I am now. There’s no place I’d rather die than here by Caesar, and no manner of death would please me more than being stabbed by you, the masters of this new era.
175 180 185		BRUTUS O Antony, beg not your death of us. Though now we must appear bloody and cruel— As by our hands and this our present act You see we do—yet see you but our hands And this the bleeding business they have done. Our hearts you see not. They are pitiful. And pity to the general wrong of Rome— As fire drives out fire, so pity pity— Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony. Our arms in strength of malice and our hearts Of brothers' temper do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence.				BRUTUS Oh, Antony, don’t beg us to kill you. Though we seem bloody and cruel right now, with our bloody hands and this deed we’ve done, you’ve only seen our hands and their bloody business; you haven’t looked into our hearts. They are full of pity for Caesar. But a stronger pity, for the wrongs committed against Rome, drove out our pity for Caesar, as fire drives out fire, and so we killed him. For you, our swords have blunt edges, too dull to harm you, Mark Antony. Our arms, which can be strong and cruel, and our hearts, filled with brotherly love, embrace you with kind love, good thoughts, and reverence.
		CASSIUS Your voice shall be as strong as any man’s In the disposing of new dignities.				CASSIUS Your vote will be as strong as anyone’s in the reordering of the government.

195 200 20		ANTONY I doubt not of your wisdom. Let each man render me his bloody hand. (shakes hands with the conspirators) —Gentlemen all, alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground That one of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer —That I did love thee, Caesar, O, ’tis true. If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes— Most noble!—in the presence of thy corse?		ANTONY I don’t doubt your wisdom. Each of you, give me your bloody hand. (he shakes hands with the conspirators) You are all gentlemen—alas, what can I say? Now that I’ve shaken your hands, you’ll take me for either a coward or a flatterer—in either case, my credibility stands on slippery ground. It’s true that I loved you, Caesar—nothing could be truer. If your spirit is looking down upon us now, it must hurt you more than even your death to see your Antony making peace—shaking the bloody hands of your enemies—in front of your corpse.
		CASSIUS Mark Antony—		CASSIUS Mark Antony—
225		ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. The enemies of Caesar shall say this; Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty.		ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. Even Caesar’s enemies would say the same. From a friend, it’s a cool assessment—no more than that.
		CASSIUS I blame you not for praising Caesar so. But what compact mean you to have with us? Will you be pricked in number of our friends? Or shall we on, and not depend on you?				CASSIUS I don’t blame you for praising Caesar like this, but what agreement do you intend to reach with us? Will you be counted as our friend, or should we proceed without depending on you?
230		ANTONY Therefore I took your hands, but was indeed Swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all and love you all Upon this hope: that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous.				ANTONY I took your hands in friendship, but, indeed, I was distracted when I looked down at Caesar. I am friends with you all and love you all, on one condition—that you prove to me that Caesar was dangerous.
235		BRUTUS Or else were this a savage spectacle! Our reasons are so full of good regard That were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, You should be satisfied.				BRUTUS Without that proof, this would’ve been a savage action! Our reasons are so well considered that even if you, Antony, were Caesar’s son, you would be satisfied with them.
240		ANTONY That’s all I seek. And am moreover suitor that I may Produce his body to the marketplace, And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, Speak in the order of his funeral.				ANTONY That’s all I ask—and that you let me carry his body to the marketplace and, as a friend ought to do, stand on the platform and give a proper funeral oration.
		BRUTUS You shall, Mark Antony.				BRUTUS You may, Mark Antony.
245		CASSIUS Brutus, a word with you. (aside to BRUTUS) You know not what you do. Do not consent That Antony speak in his funeral. Know you how much the people may be moved By that which he will utter?				CASSIUS Brutus, may I have a word with you? (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) You don’t know what you’re doing. Don’t let Antony speak at his funeral. Don’t you know how much the people could be affected by what he says?
250		BRUTUS (aside to CASSIUS) By your pardon. I will myself into the pulpit first, And show the reason of our Caesar’s death.				BRUTUS (speaking so that only CASSIUS can hear) With your permission, I’ll stand on the platform first and explain the reason for Caesar’s death.
255		What Antony shall speak, I will protest, He speaks by leave and by permission, And that we are contented Caesar shall Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. It shall advantage more than do us wrong.				What Antony says, I’ll announce, he says only by our permission and by our conviction that Caesar should be honored with all the usual and lawful ceremonies. It’ll help us more than hurt us.
		CASSIUS (aside to BRUTUS) I know not what may fall. I like it not.				CASSIUS (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) I’m worried about the outcome of his speech. I don’t like this plan.
260 265		BRUTUS Mark Antony, here, take you Caesar’s body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, But speak all good you can devise of Caesar, And say you do ’t by our permission. Else shall you not have any hand at all About his funeral. And you shall speak In the same pulpit whereto I am going, After my speech is ended.				BRUTUS Mark Antony, take Caesar’s body. You will not blame us in your funeral speech, but will say all the good you want to about Caesar and that you do it by our permission. Otherwise, you’ll have no role at all in his funeral. And you’ll speak on the same platform as I do, after I’m done.
		ANTONY Be it so. I do desire no more.				ANTONY So be it. I don’t want anything more.
		BRUTUS Prepare the body then, and follow us.				BRUTUS Prepare the body, then, and follow us.
		Exeunt. Manet ANTONY				Everyone except ANTONY* exits.*
270 275		ANTONY O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times. Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I prophesy— Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue— A curse shall light upon the limbs of men.				ANTONY Oh, pardon me, you bleeding corpse, for speaking politely and acting mildly with these butchers! You are what’s left of the noblest man that ever lived. Pity the hand that shed this valuable blood. Over your wounds—which, like speechless mouths, open their red lips, as though to beg me to speak—I predict that a curse will fall upon the bodies of men.
280 285 290		Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy. Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quartered with the hands of war, All pity choked with custom of fell deeds, And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial.				Fierce civil war will paralyze all of Italy. Blood and destruction will be so common and familiar that mothers will merely smile when their infants are cut to pieces by the hands of war. People’s capacity for sympathy will grow tired and weak from the sheer quantity of cruel deeds. And Caesar’s ghost, searching for revenge with the goddess Ate by his side, just up from Hell, will cry in the voice of a king, “Havoc!” and unleash the dogs of war. This foul deed will stink up to the sky with men’s corpses, which will beg to be buried.

		Exeunt with CAESAR’s body				They exit with CAESAR’s body.

Act 3, Scene 2

	Original Text		Modern Text
	Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS with the CITIZENS		*BRUTUS* and CASSIUS* enter with a throng of* CITIZENS .
	CITIZENS We will be satisfied! Let us be satisfied!		CITIZENS We want answers. Give us answers.
	BRUTUS Then follow me and give me audience, friends.		BRUTUS Then follow me and listen to my speech, friends.
	FIRST CITIZEN I will hear Brutus speak.		FIRST CITIZEN I’ll listen to Brutus.

	Exit CASSIUS* with some of the CITIZENS BRUTUSgoes into the pulpit*		*CASSIUS* exits with some of the CITIZENS.BRUTUS gets up on the platform.
	THIRD CITIZENS The noble Brutus is ascended. Silence!		THIRD CITIZENS Quiet! Noble Brutus has mounted the platform.
	BRUTUS Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.		BRUTUS Be patient until I finish. Romans, countrymen, and friends! Listen to my reasons and be silent so you can hear. Believe me on my honor and keep my honor in mind, so you may believe me. Be wise when you criticize me and keep your minds alert so you can judge me fairly. If there’s anyone in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, I say to him that my love for Caesar was no less than his. If, then, that friend demands to know why I rose up against Caesar, this is my answer: it’s not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.
	Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honor him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak—for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.		Would you rather that Caesar were living and we would all go to our graves as slaves, or that Caesar were dead and we all lived as free men? I weep for Caesar in that he was good to me. I rejoice in his good fortune. I honor him for being brave. But his ambition—for that, I killed him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his bravery, and death for his ambition. Who here is so low that he wants to be a slave? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so barbarous that he doesn’t want to be a Roman? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so vile that he doesn’t love his country? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I have offended. I will pause for a reply.
	ALL None, Brutus, none.		ALL No one, Brutus, no one.
	BRUTUS Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol. His glory not extenuated wherein he was worthy, nor his offenses enforced for which he suffered death.		BRUTUS Then I have offended no one. I’ve done no more to Caesar than you will do to me. The reasons for his death are recorded in the Capitol. His glory has not been diminished where he earned it, nor have those offenses for which he was killed been exaggerated.
	Enter Mark ANTONY* with CAESAR’s body*		*ANTONY* enters with CAESAR’s body.
	Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying—a place in the commonwealth—as which of you shall not? With this I depart: that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death.		Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no part in the killing, will benefit from his death—receiving a share in the commonwealth, as you all will. With these words I leave. Just as I killed my best friend for the good of Rome, so will I kill myself when my country requires my death.
45	ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live!		ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live!
	FIRST CITIZENS Bring him with triumph home unto his house!		FIRST CITIZENS Let’s carry him in triumph to his house!
	SECOND CITIZENS Give him a statue with his ancestors!		SECOND CITIZENS Let’s build a statue of him, near those of his ancestors!
	THIRD CITIZENS Let him be Caesar!		THIRD CITIZENS Let him become Caesar!
	FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better parts Shall be crowned in Brutus!		FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better qualities exist in Brutus, and we will crown him.
50	FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and clamors.		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and celebration!
	BRUTUS My countrymen—		BRUTUS My countrymen—
	SECOND CITIZENS Peace, silence! Brutus speaks.		SECOND CITIZENS Silence! Brutus speaks.
	FIRST CITIZENS Peace, ho!		FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there!
55	BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me depart alone. And, for my sake, stay here with Antony. Do grace to Caesar’s corpse, and grace his speech Tending to Caesar’s glories, which Mark Antony By our permission is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart, Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.		BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me leave alone. I want you to stay here with Antony to pay respects to Caesar’s corpse and listen to Antony’s speech about Caesar’s glories, which he gives with our permission. I ask that none of you leave, except myself, until Antony has finished.
	Exit BRUTUS		*BRUTUS* exits.
60	FIRST CITIZENS Stay, ho! And let us hear Mark Antony.		FIRST CITIZENS Let’s stay and hear Mark Antony.
	THIRD CITIZENS Let him go up into the public chair. We’ll hear him.—Noble Antony, go up.		THIRD CITIZENS Let him mount the pulpit. We’ll listen to him. Noble Antony, mount the podium.
	ANTONY For Brutus' sake, I am beholding to you. (ascends the pulpit)		ANTONY For Brutus’s sake, I am indebted to you. (he steps up into the pulpit)
65	FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say of Brutus?		FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say about Brutus?
	THIRD CITIZENS He says for Brutus' sake He finds himself beholding to us all.		THIRD CITIZENS He says that for Brutus’s sake he finds himself indebted to us all.
	FOURTH CITIZENS 'Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here.		FOURTH CITIZENS He’d better not speak badly of Brutus here.
	FIRST CITIZENS This Caesar was a tyrant.		FIRST CITIZENS Caesar was a tyrant.
	THIRD CITIZENS Nay, that’s certain. We are blest that Rome is rid of him.		THIRD CITIZENS That’s for sure. We’re lucky that Rome is rid of him.
70	FOURTH CITIZENS Peace! Let us hear what Antony can say.		SECOND CITIZENS Quiet! Let’s hear what Antony has to say.
	ANTONY You gentle Romans—		ANTONY You gentle Romans—
	ALL Peace, ho! Let us hear him.		ALL Quiet there! Let us hear him.
75 80 85	ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones. So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honorable man; So are they all, all honorable men— Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.		ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honorable man; they are all honorable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. He brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to the city.
90 95 100 105		Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And, sure, he is an honorable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause. What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgment! Thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me. (weeps)		Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honorable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become brutish beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (he weeps)
		FIRST CITIZENS Methinks there is much reason in his sayings.		FIRST CITIZENS I think there’s a lot of sense in what he says.
		SECOND CITIZENS If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong.		SECOND CITIZENS If you think about it correctly, Caesar has suffered a great wrong.
110		THIRD CITIZENS Has he, masters? I fear there will a worse come in his place.		THIRD CITIZENS Has he, sirs? I’m worried there will be someone worse to replace him.
		FOURTH CITIZENS Marked ye his words? He would not take the crown. Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious.		FOURTH CITIZENS Did you hear Antony? Caesar wouldn’t take the crown. Therefore it’s certain that he wasn’t ambitious.
		FIRST CITIZENS If it be found so, some will dear abide it.		FIRST CITIZENS If it turns out he wasn’t, certain people are going to get it.
		SECOND CITIZENS Poor soul! His eyes are red as fire with weeping.		SECOND CITIZENS Poor man! Antony’s eyes are fiery red from crying.
115		THIRD CITIZENS There’s not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.		THIRD CITIZENS There isn’t a nobler man than Antony in all of Rome.
		FOURTH CITIZENS Now mark him. He begins again to speak.		FOURTH CITIZENS Now listen, he’s going to speak again.
120 125 130 135		ANTONY But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world. Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. O masters, if I were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong— Who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar. I found it in his closet. 'Tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament— Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read— And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue.		ANTONY Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honorable men. But here’s a paper with Caesar’s seal on it. I found it in his room—it’s his will. If you could only hear this testament—which, excuse me, I don’t intend to read aloud—you would kiss dead Caesar’s wounds and dip your handkerchiefs in his sacred blood, and beg for a lock of hair to remember him by. And when you died, you would mention the handkerchief or the hair in your will, bequeathing it to your heirs like a rich legacy.
		FOURTH CITIZENS We’ll hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony!		FOURTH CITIZENS We want to hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony.
		ALL The will, the will! We will hear Caesar’s will.		ALL The will, the will! We want to hear Caesar’s will.
140 145		ANTONY Have patience, gentle friends. I must not read it. It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men. And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad. 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs. For, if you should—Oh, what would come of it!		ANTONY Be patient, gentle friends, I must not read it. It isn’t proper for you to know how much Caesar loved you. You aren’t wood, you aren’t stones—you’re men. And, being men, the contents of Caesar’s will would enrage you. It’s better that you don’t know you’re his heirs, for if you knew, just imagine what would come of it!
		FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We’ll hear it, Antony. You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will.		FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We want to hear it, Antony. You have to read us the will, Caesar’s will.
150		ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it. I fear I wrong the honorable men Whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. I do fear it.		ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you wait awhile? I’ve said too much in telling you of it. I’m afraid that I wrong the honorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar.
		FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors! “Honorable men”!		FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors. “Honorable men!”
		ALL The will! The testament!		ALL The will! The testament!
		SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will!		SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will!
155		ANTONY You will compel me, then, to read the will? Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, And let me show you him that made the will. Shall I descend? And will you give me leave?		ANTONY You force me to read the will, then? Then make a circle around Caesar’s corpse, and let me show you the man who made this will. Shall I come down? Will you let me?
		ALL Come down.		ALL Come down.
		SECOND CITIZENS Descend.		SECOND CITIZENS Descend.
		THIRD CITIZENS You shall have leave.		THIRD CITIZENS We’ll let you.
		*ANTONY* descends from the pulpit		*ANTONY* descends from the pulpit.
160		FOURTH CITIZENS A ring! Stand round.		FOURTH CITIZENS Make a circle; stand around him.
		FIRST CITIZENS Stand from the hearse. Stand from the body.		FIRST CITIZENS Stand away from the hearse. Stand away from the body.
		SECOND CITIZENS Room for Antony, most noble Antony!		SECOND CITIZENS Make room for Antony, most noble Antony!
		ANTONY Nay, press not so upon me. Stand far off.		ANTONY No, don’t press up against me. Stand further away.
		ALL Stand back. Room! Bear back.		ALL Stand back. Give him room.
165 170 175 180 185 190		ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all do know this mantle. I remember The first time ever Caesar put it on. 'Twas on a summer’s evening in his tent, That day he overcame the Nervii. Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the well-belovèd Brutus stabbed. And as he plucked his cursèd steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart, And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey’s statue, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourished over us. Oh, now you weep, and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity. These are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold Our Caesar’s vesture wounded? Look you here, Here is himself, marred, as you see, with traitors. (lifts up CAESAR's mantle)		ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all know this cloak. I remember the first time Caesar ever put it on. It was a summer’s evening; he was in his tent. It was the day he overcame the Nervii warriors. Look, here’s where Cassius’s dagger pierced it. See the wound that Casca made. Through this hole beloved Brutus stabbed. And when he pulled out his cursed dagger, see how Caesar’s blood came with it, as if rushing out a door to see if it was really Brutus who was knocking so rudely. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. The gods know how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkind cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, he understood his beloved Brutus’s ingratitude; it was stronger than the violence of traitors, and it defeated him, bursting his mighty heart. And at the base of Pompey’s statue, with his cloak covering his face, which was dripping with blood the whole time, great Caesar fell. Oh, what a fall it was, my countrymen! Then you and I and all of us fell down, while bloody treason triumphed. Oh, now you weep, and I sense that you feel pity. These are gracious tears. But if it overwhelms you to look at Caesar’s wounded cloak, how will you feel, kind men, now? Look at this, here is the man—scarred, as you can see, by traitors. (he lifts upCAESAR's cloak)
		FIRST CITIZENS O piteous spectacle!		FIRST CITIZENS Oh, what a sad sight!
		SECOND CITIZENS O noble Caesar!		SECOND CITIZENS Oh, noble Caesar!
195		THIRD CITIZENS O woeful day!		THIRD CITIZENS Oh, sad day!
		FOURTH CITIZENS O traitors, villains!		FOURTH CITIZENS Oh, traitors, villains!
		FIRST CITIZENS O most bloody sight!		FIRST CITIZENS Oh, most bloody sight!
		SECOND CITIZENS We will be revenged.		SECOND CITIZENS We will get revenge.
		ALL Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live!		ALL Revenge! Let’s go after them! Seek! Burn! Set fire! Kill! Slay! Leave no traitors alive!
		ANTONY Stay, countrymen.		ANTONY Wait, countrymen.
200		FIRST CITIZENS Peace there! Hear the noble Antony.		FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there! Listen to the noble Antony.
		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll hear him. We’ll follow him. We’ll die with him.		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll listen to him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him.
205 210 215 220		ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends! Let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honorable. What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do it. They are wise and honorable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. I am no orator, as Brutus is, But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man That love my friend. And that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him. For I have neither wit nor words nor worth, Action nor utterance nor the power of speech, To stir men’s blood. I only speak right on. I tell you that which you yourselves do know, Show you sweet Caesar’s wounds, poor poor dumb mouths, And bid them speak for me. But were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue In every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.		ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends, don’t let me stir you up to such a sudden mutiny. Those who have done this deed are honorable. I don’t know what private grudges they had that made them do it. They’re wise and honorable, and will no doubt give you reasons for it. I haven’t come to steal your loyalty, friends. I’m no orator, as Brutus is. I’m only, as you know, a plain, blunt man who loved his friend, and the men who let me speak know this well. I have neither cleverness nor rhetorical skill nor the authority nor gesture nor eloquence nor the power of speech to stir men up. I just speak directly. I tell you what you already know. I show you sweet Caesar’s wounds—poor, speechless mouths!—and make them speak for me. But if I were Brutus and Brutus were me, then I’d stir you up, and install in each of Caesar’s wounds the kind of voice that could convince even stones to rise up and mutiny.
		ALL We’ll mutiny.		ALL We’ll mutiny.
		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn the house of Brutus.		FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn Brutus’s house.
		THIRD CITIZENS Away, then! Come, seek the conspirators.		THIRD CITIZENS Let’s go, then! Come, find the conspirators!
225		ANTONY Yet hear me, countrymen. Yet hear me speak.		ANTONY Wait, and listen to me, countrymen.
		ALL Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony!		ALL Quiet! Wait! Listen to Antony. Most noble Antony!
230		ANTONY Why, friends, you go to do you know not what. Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves? Alas, you know not. I must tell you then. You have forgot the will I told you of.		ANTONY Why, friends, you don’t even know what you’re doing yet. What has Caesar done to deserve your love? Alas, you don’t know. I must tell you then. You’ve forgotten the will I told you about.
		ALL Most true. The will! Let’s stay and hear the will.		ALL Yes! The will! Let’s stay and hear the will!
		ANTONY Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal To every Roman citizen he gives— To every several man—seventy-five drachmas.		ANTONY Here’s the will, written under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives—to every individual man—seventy-five drachmas.
235		SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death.		SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death.
		THIRD CITIZENS O royal Caesar!		THIRD CITIZENS Oh, royal Caesar!
		ANTONY Hear me with patience.		ANTONY Listen to me patiently.
		ALL Peace, ho!		ALL Quiet, there!
240		ANTONY Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbors and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you And to your heirs forever—common pleasures, To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! When comes such another?		ANTONY Also, he’s left you all his walkways—in his private gardens and newly planted orchards—on this side of the Tiber River. He’s left them to you and to your heirs forever—public pleasures in which you will be able to stroll and relax. Here was a Caesar! When will there be another like him?
245		FIRST CITIZENS Never, never.—Come, away, away! We’ll burn his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body.		FIRST CITIZENS Never, never. Let’s go! We’ll burn his body in the holy place and use the brands to set the traitors' houses on fire. Take up the body.
		SECOND CITIZENS Go fetch fire.		SECOND CITIZENS We’ll start a fire.
		THIRD CITIZENS Pluck down benches.		THIRD CITIZENS We’ll use benches for wood—
		FOURTH CITIZENS Pluck down forms, windows, anything.		FOURTH CITIZENS And windowsills, anything.
		Exeunt CITIZENS* with CAESAR’s body*		Citizens exit with CAESAR’s body.
250		ANTONY Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou wilt!		ANTONY Now, let it work. Trouble, you have begun—take whatever course you choose!
		Exeunt		They exit.

Sat, 02/18/2012 - 11:01

Ash95

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